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BT  ·  4348 days ago  ·  link  ·    ·  parent  ·  post: First question: Which language should I learn first?

For a website you'll need to have a good grasp of the frontend languages - HTML, javascript, and css - in addition to the chosen backend language. Modern and responsive sites are moving towards more and more client-side code; you might find yourself writing more javascript than backend code even. I would recommend, once you get to writing the frontend, that you try to start out using existing frameworks such as backbone.js, ember.js, or another which catches your fancy because they'll somewhat encourage good structrue/style.

I also don't recommend jumping into that mess to begin with because there's so many different pieces that you have to at least have a decent grasp on. Learning programming before beginning will make it a lot more manageable.

For the backend you'll find the "easiest" options are php, nodejs, python (with flask/django), or ruby (on rails). Nodejs will have the benefit that you can write javascript frontend and backend.

I'd recommend learning one of the above languages (ignoring the framework in parenthesis if applicable until after you have a grasp on the core language) first. Pick up a book for it. I won't recommend one for php because it's going out of style and, though still widely used, is probably the worst choice of those listed above. Nodejs is still relatively new and I don't have any particular recommendations because I haven't read any of sparse selection of books for it. For ruby, the Pragmatic Programmer's Guide is fairly good. Learn python the hard way is quite good, especially considering that it's free.

If you'd like to be in programming for the long term or have a better understanding of how things really work (which will, if not in obvious ways, translate to better code in subtle ways) then I'd recommend learning C before anything else with K&R. Even though C's an old language, spending time with it gives you a grasp of how things, including other languages, actually work. It introduces the basic syntax and core concepts of all the other languages I mentioned as well (excluding css/html which barely count as languages).

Sorry, that was rather long winded. The tl;dr is "Learn the backend language first, or C if you want to be a 'real programmer'. Learn the frontend stuff later on and, ideally, sort of as you go". All my own opinion etc etc of course.

There definitely needs to be more information here. As gordonz88 commented, we need to know if we can infringe other's freedoms or not. I will, based on "absolute", assume that I can infringe other's freedoms at will. Unfortunately, that means that none of them can have absolute freedom. only one superhuman can possibly be completely free (including the power to infringe others). Of course, that's okay; the question only specifies "you" (singular we must assume).

The option of absolute security, however, needs far more clarification. Secure from physical harm? Mental harm? Both? I'll assume it's all forms of harm, physical and mental (going on 'absolute' here). Being completely secure from physical and emotional harm pretty much requires that I live in a bubble. I could scrape my wrist walking down the hall so I must be entirely immobile. I also cannot interact with anyone else as anyone might unexpectedly say something which causes mental anguish. As it stands, we're left with being tied down and drugged for the rest of our life to avoid all physical and mental damage. In other words, not really living. Dealing with problems is just a fact of life that we cannot do without.

There's one final trick that I think this question brings though. It seems to me that absolute freedom also contains all the desirable aspects of security. Since others cannot infringe on our freedom (else it wouldn't be absolute), we are immune to being physically harmed in any meaningful way as we would lose freedom of action as soon as another person physically restrains or alters us without our consent. It doesn't follow as easily, but it could be argued that the absolutely free human might be immune to theft, either because theft deprives the freedom of owning or because an absolutely free person would not own anything.

The obvious choice appears to be absolute freedom without question. It appears to be completely one sided based on my above analysis.