The Windows 10 update borked my Linux partition. I was excited to install a new multi million dollar OS over a volunteer one but I shouldn't have been. I was using some version of Mint for everything except scanning, including GIMP for image editing. I liked it just fine for web browsing but that's about it. Settings were at least less stupid than Windows. I've been a Mac user since OS 9 but got scared my 2008 Macbook would shit the bed so I bought a cheap Dell cause that was what I could afford this go round. If someone wants to trade a recent Macbook of some kind for paintings, sculptures and a cheap Dell I can make that happen.
It's funny, you're the second person I've heard who has said a Windows 10 upgrade has borked their partition. I wonder if that's by some poor design on Microsoft's part. Have you tried Elementary OS at all? I don't know if it had all of the features Apple OS, but at the very least it clones the GUI.
I just swapped ubuntu for fedora on my macbook air and the setup for that was super, super easy. With ubuntu I needed refind, but fedora shows up right in the OSX bootloader. On my desktop I use separate drives so I don't know how fedora plays with Win 10, but I think it is also pretty easy. If you want easy install the big distros are probably your best bet. A live usb might help you with fix/recovery as well, including looking at the partitions and seeing what's going on (fedora's install has pretty straightforward tools for this.)