When the introducer was a male addressing a female speaker, the use of titles went down to 49.2% of the time.

If the male introducer addressed a male speaker, the use of title was up to 72% of the time.

Therefore, while men were in general less formal than women in their introductions, the wide gender gap led us to wonder about the role of attitudes and their resulting implications. We suggested that this seemingly trivial, possibly unintentional, double standard ended up undermining female physicians in a context where women already face greater barriers for career advancement and job satisfaction.