Sorry about the delayed reply: That's really interesting, but surprising, do all (or even some) immune cells have that sort of plasticity? I was under the impression that it was just B-cell producing the right antibodies, but then again, every time I hear about the human immune system, I am told it is "especially complex". Edit: Link #1 of yours mentions in the abstract that they describe the mechanism in the paper, but I'm behind a paywall and it's too late for me to connect to a computer / network with access. =/The idea behind tumor vaccine is that perhaps its possible to expose immune cells to some component of the tumor (secreted vesicle, cell lysate, etc.) ex vivo, so that the immune cells aren't already compromised by the tumor, and then inject them back into the patient.