I'm not saying that the line is anywhere near distinct, but the extremes of the hard/soft science spectrum are intrinsically and fundamentally different. While physics has a good mathematical and theoretical backing, and the experiments and the theory build off of each other and check each other's power, you don't have so much variety in sources of information in softer sciences. You mention double blind studies, but again, those only exist in softer sciences because of the systematics and complexity of dealing with human/biological subjects. The article mentions meta studies as the top of the evidencial pyramid, but they don't exist in harder sciences because they don't make any sense in that context. Of course all experiments are subject to systematics. I would never claim anything different. However the point that I raised in my edit (posted before your reply) still applies. The very grounds on which science is done is fundamentally different in different fields because of the type of research possible and the types of data available. For example, in Astronomy (my field), you can't really set up an experiment where you create a nebula and watch it form into a start system. You also can't watch one system go through its entire life because of the timescales involved. Experiments don't really work on this scale. Instead, you have to rely on observational and theoretical techniques to study how things work. Further, in Astronomy (and chemistry and atmospheric science and others) you have physics to fall back on to predict how things will happen. (EDIT: To clarify, this was my point with the climate change example in the first post. The human researcher's beliefs won't change what the thermometer will read and it won't change how the winds will blow. They might change how another human will react. An important note is that they might also impact which data gets recorded, for example if the researcher takes Christmas off every year they might miss something important in the data at that time, or if the researcher only takes data once every few days they might miss some of the smaller scale/period signals etc.) The physics and the math don't change because of the placebo effect. Unfortunately, people do. In harder fields, you study these more objective things, in softer fields you study softer and more subjective things that can be more easily influenced. Again, I'm not saying that there is no room for misinterpretation or for systematics (although in harder sciences, the systematics are more physical and quantifiable in nature), just that many of the specific grievances in the article are less applicable to a harder science. That said, there are still human/researcher biases to take into account with the harder sciences, they're just very different.